肉鸡热休克蛋白70 mRNA荧光定量PCR方法的建立和优化

对适应性饲养到30日龄时的60只肉鸡进行热应激处理,通过热休克蛋白70(heatshockprotein70,HSP70)mRNA荧光定量PCR(fluorescencequantitativePCR,FQ-PCR)方法检测热应激处理肉鸡组织中HSP70mRNA含量。虽然受试鸡肝脏和心脏的HSP70mRNA水平在热应激6h时略低于对照组(P>0.05),但随持续性高温应激时间的延长,HSP70mRNA水平逐渐升高,热应激18h时应激肉鸡肝脏和心脏HSP70mRNA水平达最高水平,明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。实验选用3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因(GAPDH)作为内参照,体外转录的RNA和阳性质粒作为两种标准品。结果显示,实验所建立和优化的FQ-PCR反应体系是理想的。     

笼底材料、密度和性别组群对肉鸡胸囊肿发生及胸肌成分的影响

该研究采用了三因素三水平的正交试验设计，就笼底材料、饲养密度、性别组群等三因素对3～6周龄笼养AA肉仔鸡发生胸囊肿及对其胸肌成分的影响进行了研究。结果表明：铁丝笼底、高饲养密度(17.25只/m²)、公鸡组的发病率最高，平均达34.09%，并显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。铁丝笼底显著高于塑料和竹竿笼底(P<0.05)，高密度(17.25只/m²)显著高于低密度(10.98只/m²)(P<0.05)，笼底材料是导致胸囊肿发病的主要环境因素，而性别组群对其无显著影响(P>0.05)。不同笼底下胸肌水分和蛋白质含量以竹竿笼底的含量最高，铁丝笼底下的胸肌蛋白含量最低(P<0.05)。胸肌脂肪则不受笼底、密度和性别组群的影响。因此，该试验表明，竹竿笼底和塑料笼底材料可降低笼养肉仔鸡胸囊肿的发病率，有利于提高其胸肌品质。     

笼养肉仔鸡生产性能及其胴体品质影响因素的研究

该本文采用三因素三水平正交试验设计，就笼底材料、饲养密度、不同性别组群下3～6周龄AA肉仔鸡的生产性能及其胴体品质进行研究。结果表明：竹竿和塑料笼底下肉仔鸡的胴体品质以及笼养密度11 ～14只／m²下的生产性能较高，以塑料笼底、低密度和公鸡单饲组的肉仔鸡总增重最高，达1.82kg。笼底材料对增重、饲料转化率、屠宰率、腹脂率以及胸肌纤维直径没有影响，但铁丝笼底会导致胸囊肿发病率升高。高饲养密度下能显著降低肉鸡增重和饲料转化率，但肉仔鸡的屠宰率有所增加；而低饲养密度有利于胸肌纤维直径的增加。单饲母鸡的腹脂率显著高于单饲公鸡和公母混群饲养鸡的腹脂率。     

笼养肉仔鸡生产性能及其胴体品质影响因素的研究

该文采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,就笼底材料、饲养密度、不同性别组群下3～6周龄AA肉仔鸡的生产性能及其胴体品质进行研究。结果表明:竹竿和塑料笼底下肉仔鸡的胴体品质以及笼养密度11～14只／m~2下的生产性能较高,以塑料笼底、低密度和公鸡单饲组的肉仔鸡总增重最高,达1．82kg。笼底材料对增重、饲料转化率、屠宰率、腹脂率以及胸肌纤维直径没有影响,但铁丝笼底会导致胸囊肿发病率升高。高饲养密度下能显著降低肉鸡增重和饲．料转化率,但肉仔鸡的屠宰率有所增加;而低饲养密度有利于胸肌纤维直径的增加。单饲母鸡的腹脂率显著高于单饲公鸡和公母混群饲养鸡的腹脂率。     

混合通风方式下大型肉鸡舍过渡期通风效果测试

随着肉鸡周年饲养环境控制精细化程度的提高,在横向通风和纵向通风系统应用的基础上,借助于横向进风口和纵向排风机进行春秋过渡期通风换气的混合通风方式,近年来在大型养鸡场内开始应用。该研究通过现场试验,研究测试了这种通风方式下肉鸡舍内的换气量、气流速度、温度以及氨气浓度,结果显示这种通风方式可以保证充足的换气量,提供适宜且分布均匀的气流速度和温度分布,有效地抑制舍内氨气浓度,从而可为鸡只的健康生长创造良好的环境条件。     

近红外技术快速测定肉鸡粪便主要肥料成分含量的研究

该文探讨了利用近红外光谱分析技术(NIRS)快速测定肉鸡粪便主要肥料成分含量的可行性。在饲养试验过程中采集了肉鸡粪便样品183个，利用常规实验室分析方法测定了其中的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总钾(TK)、铵态氮(AN)、有效磷(EP)含量，利用近红外光谱仪取得了样品在1421.5～2572.2 nm波段的光谱，并使用偏最小二乘法(PLS)结合交互验证(CV)和留一检验法(LOO)建立了肉鸡粪便肥料成分的近红外光谱定标模型，同时利用该模型对20个样品的总氮、总磷、总钾、铵态氮、有效磷的含量进行预测，得出的5种主要肥料成分的预测值和真实值(实验室经典化学分析方法测定值)之间具有显著的相关性，其相关系数分别为0.9574，0.9590，0.9870，0.9572和0.9650。预测标准差分别为0.0014，0.0012，0.0012，2.3041×10^-4和0.3814。结果表明，利用近红外光谱法对肉鸡粪便风干样品的主要肥料成分进行快速测定是可行的。     

生物素缺乏及肉鸡和种鸡日粮中添加生物素效果的研究

５４０只１日龄红布罗商品代雏鸡随机分为９组，第１组饲喂以小麦为基础的诱发日粮，第２和第３组在１组基础上分别添加３００（μｇ／ｋｇ日粮）生物素和动物脂肪（前期２％，后期３％）。第４至９组饲以玉米－豆饼型日粮，前后期分别添加０，５０，９０，１２０，１５０，２００和０，５０，７０，９５，１２０，１６０（μｇ／ｋｇ日粮）的生物素。结果表明：生物素缺乏造成足底皮肤炎，肝脏脂肪酸成分发生变化：不饱和脂肪酸（棕榈油酸）显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），饱和脂肪酸（硬脂酸）减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２９日龄绝食２４ｈ，饲喂诱发日粮的鸡，血糖、肝糖原和肝脏总脂肪含量下降，血浆甘油三酯增加，但无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。玉米－豆饼型日粮中添加不同水平生物素，绝食后血糖、肝糖原和甘油三酯含量未发生显著变化，随生物素添加水平提高，对足部皮肤状况有一定的改善作用，前期添加１５０或２００（μｇ／ｋｇ日粮）生物素对增重和饲料报酬较好，而后期添加生物素影响不大。种鸡试验选用３３６只２０周龄育成种鸡随机分为３组，分别饲以添加有０，１００，１５０μｇ／ｋｇ生物素的日粮。初步结果表明：生物素对蛋重无影响，日粮添加１００和１５０μｇ／ｋｇ生物素可提高受精率０     

Response of broiler finishers to diets containing graded levels of processed castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal

A 4‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of dehulled and cooked castor oil bean (Ricinus communis L) meal on the performance of broiler finishers. Castor oil bean seeds were dehulled and detoxified by cooking in two stages at 100 °C for 50 min per cooking. Sixty 6‐week‐old broiler birds (Anak strain) were randomly divided into four groups of 15 birds each. The groups were fed four isocaloric (2.90 Mcal of metabolizable energy/kg) and isonitrogenous (21% crude protein) diets containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% dehulled and cooked castor oil bean meal (CBM) for 4 weeks. Results showed that there were significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in average daily feed intake, final body weight, average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Birds fed diets containing 0% and 10% CBM had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest feed intake was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The highest ADWG was observed in birds fed 0% CBM diet, but this was not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the ADWG of birds on 10% CBM diet. Birds fed diets containing10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and non‐significant (p > 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had the least (p < 0.05) ADWG. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar FCR and this was significantly (p < 0.05) lower and better than that of birds on 20% CBM diet. The least (p < 0.05) PER was observed in birds fed 20% CBM diet. Birds fed 20% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher packed cell volume (PCV) than birds on 10% and 15% CBM diets. Birds fed 0%, 10% and 15% CBM diets had similar (p > 0.05) PCV values. Birds fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 15% levels of CBM had similar and significantly (p < 0.05) lower heamoglobin than birds fed 20% CBM diets. There were also significant (p < 0.05) differences among treatments in dry matter (DM), nitrogen, ether extract (EE) and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) retention. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE than birds on 10%, 15% and 20% CBM diets. Birds fed 10% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher DM, nitrogen and NFE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest retention of DM, nitrogen and NFE was recorded at the 20% CBM inclusion level. Birds fed 0% CBM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher EE retention than birds on 15% and 20% CBM diets. The lowest EE retention was observed at the 20% CBM inclusion level. The results of the study indicate that up to 10% dehulled and cooked CBM can be included in broiler finisher rations for optimum performance.     

Influence of varying dietary electrolyte balance on broiler performance under tropical summer conditions

A 6‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of varying dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on growth performance and physiological responses in broiler chicks reared during hot summer months (26.1–37.5 °C). The average minimum and maximum room temperatures recorded from 14 to 42 days of age were 26.1 and 37.5 °C, respectively, with relative humidity ranging from 51% to 55%. Five DEB treatments supplying 0, 50, 150, 250 and 350 (Na⁺+K⁺–Cl^?) mEq/kg of diet were prepared by adding NaHCO₃ and/or NH₄Cl to basal diet that contained 185 mEq/kg from 1 to 28 days and 172 mEq/kg from 29 to 42 days. These DEB diets were randomly offered to six experimental units of 20 chicks each. Improved 42‐day body weight gain (BWG), feed:gain (F:G) and reduced mortality was noted with DEB 50, 150 and 250 mEq/kg compared to DEB 0 and 350 mEq/kg. A quadratic effect of increasing DEB level was observed on BWG and F:G, whereas the effect was linear for feed intake, water intake and litter moisture. The DEB 50, 150 and 250 maintained better blood pH, pCO₂ and HCO₃ concentrations during acute heat stress periods than that of 0 and 350. The blood heterophil and lymphocyte percent as well as heterophil:lymphocyte were remained unaffected. The lowest DEB (0 mEq/kg) diet reduced the feed intake and promoted metabolic acidosis. At 350 mEq/kg DEB, water intake and metabolic alkalosis were promoted probably due to high levels of dietary NaHCO₃. The study concluded that overall better performance was recorded with DEB 50, 150 and 250 mEq/kg. These results indicated that single optimal DEB value could not be recommended to combat heat stress in broilers.     

喹烯酮预混剂饲喂肉用仔鸡的效果试验

选用1日龄肉用雏鸡180羽,随机分为3组,每组3个重复.空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,喹乙醇对照组饲喂添加75 mg/kg喹乙醇预混剂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加75 mg/kg的喹烯酮预混剂基础日粮,试验期35 d.结果表明,试验组肉鸡的期末平均体重、净增重和日增重均高于空白对照组和喹乙醇组,差异显著(P﹤0.05),试验组的平均采食量高于两对照组(P﹥0.05).试验组的饲料转化率较空白对照组提高3.69%(P﹤0.05),较喹乙醇对照组提高1.5% (P>0.05).